{"id":2743,"date":"2025-09-13T14:36:55","date_gmt":"2025-09-13T06:36:55","guid":{"rendered":"\/?post_type=insight&#038;p=2743"},"modified":"2026-08-19T12:42:42","modified_gmt":"2026-08-19T04:42:42","slug":"advancing-non-co2-greenhouse-gas-mitigation-in-china","status":"publish","type":"insight","link":"https:\/\/www.igdp.cn\/en\/insights\/advancing-non-co2-greenhouse-gas-mitigation-in-china\/","title":{"rendered":"Advancing Non-CO2 Greenhouse Gas Mitigation in China"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"2743\" class=\"elementor elementor-2743\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-70c9d04 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"70c9d04\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4618157\" data-id=\"4618157\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6da65c1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-igdp_insight_detail_hero\" data-id=\"6da65c1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"igdp_insight_detail_hero.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row-report1\">\n\t\t<div class=\"wp\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"cur cur1\">\n\t\t<a href=\"\/\">Home<\/a>\n\t\t<i>\/<\/i>\n\t\t<a href=\"\/insights\/\">Insights<\/a>\n\t\t<i>\/<\/i>\n\t\t<span>Advancing Non-CO2 Greenhouse Gas Mitigation in China<\/span>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"m-report1 wow fadeInUp\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"txt\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"tit\">Advancing Non-CO2 Greenhouse Gas Mitigation in China<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"subtit\">Outlook to 2035<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"line\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"desc\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"background-image: url(\/en\/wp-content\/themes\/MyBasicTheme\/images\/igdp\/product\/icon3.svg);\">English, Chinese<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"background-image: url(\/en\/wp-content\/themes\/MyBasicTheme\/images\/igdp\/product\/icon4.svg);\">Sept 2025<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"background-image: url(\/en\/wp-content\/themes\/MyBasicTheme\/images\/igdp\/product\/icon5.svg);\">Report<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"background-image: url(\/en\/wp-content\/themes\/MyBasicTheme\/images\/igdp\/product\/icon6.svg);\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"span\">Beyond Carbon<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"span\">CCNT<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"desc2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"span2\">Summary:<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"span3\">This report provides a comprehensive assessment of non-CO\u2082 greenhouse gas mitigation in China, covering methane, nitrous oxide, and fluorinated gases. It analyzes global and national emission trends, reviews international mitigation policies and cooperative initiatives (e.g., the Global Methane Pledge, the Kigali Amendment), and documents China&#039;s policy progress including the Methane Emission Control Action Plan and sectoral mitigation measures. The report identifies sector-specific mitigation opportunities and challenges across energy, agriculture, industry, and waste, catalogs existing technologies and pilot practices, and provides recommendations for strengthening China&#039;s non-CO\u2082 mitigation framework in the context of the 2025 NDC update.<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"desc2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"span2\">Suggested citation:<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"span3\">Institute for Global Decarbonization Progress (iGDP). (2025). Non-CO\u2082 Greenhouse Gas Mitigation Outlook: Opportunities and Challenges Toward 2035. Beijing: iGDP.<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"desc2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"span2\">License:<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"span3\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\" class=\"link\">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0)<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"igdp-report-download-buttons\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025-09-IGDP-Report-Summary-EN-Advancing-Non-CO2-Greenhouse-Gas-Mitigation-in-China.pdf\" class=\"g-btnr1\"><span style=\"background-image: url(\/en\/wp-content\/themes\/MyBasicTheme\/images\/igdp\/product\/icon7.svg);\">download en summary<\/span><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025-09-IGDP-Report-ZH-Prospects-for-Non-CO2-Greenhouse-Gas-Mitigation-Opportunities-and-Challenges-Toward-2035.pdf\" class=\"g-btnr1\"><span style=\"background-image: url(\/en\/wp-content\/themes\/MyBasicTheme\/images\/igdp\/product\/icon7.svg);\">download zh full report<\/span><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"picbox\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pic\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/Screenshot-2026-08-12-at-9.51.19-PM.jpg\" alt=\"Advancing Non-CO2 Greenhouse Gas Mitigation in China\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8cd5212 e-con e-atomic-element e-flexbox-base e-96005ed \" data-id=\"8cd5212\" data-element_type=\"e-flexbox\" data-e-type=\"e-flexbox\" data-interaction-id=\"8cd5212\">\n    \t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1ce6f9b elementor-widget elementor-widget-igdp_insight_detail_related\" data-id=\"1ce6f9b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"igdp_insight_detail_related.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row-report4\" id=\"page09\">\n\t\t<div class=\"wp\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"g-titr1 wow fadeInUp\">Related<\/div>\n\t\t\t<ul class=\"ul-report4 wow fadeInUp\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.carbonbrief.org\/qa-what-is-in-chinas-new-five-year-plan-for-climate-change\" class=\"con\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"txt\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"tit\">Q&#038;A: What is in China\u2019s new five-year plan for climate change?<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"desc\">China has released a five-year plan dedicated to addressing climate change.<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"span1\">Interview<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"date\">AUG 2026<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"picbox\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pic\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"512\" src=\"https:\/\/www.igdp.cn\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/3EY49RT-768x512.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.igdp.cn\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/3EY49RT-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.igdp.cn\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/3EY49RT-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.igdp.cn\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/3EY49RT-1024x682.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.igdp.cn\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/3EY49RT-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.igdp.cn\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/3EY49RT.jpg 1550w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2026-07-29\/china-signals-nation-is-ready-to-lead-global-climate-action?utm_source=website&#038;utm_medium=share&#038;utm_campaign=copy\" class=\"con\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"txt\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"tit\">China Signals Nation Is Ready to Lead Global Climate Action<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"span1\">Interview<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"date\">JUL 2026<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"picbox\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pic\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"519\" src=\"https:\/\/www.igdp.cn\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2000x1351-768x519.webp\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.igdp.cn\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2000x1351-768x519.webp 768w, https:\/\/www.igdp.cn\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2000x1351-300x203.webp 300w, https:\/\/www.igdp.cn\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2000x1351-1024x692.webp 1024w, https:\/\/www.igdp.cn\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2000x1351-1536x1038.webp 1536w, https:\/\/www.igdp.cn\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2000x1351.webp 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/res.cenews.com.cn\/hjw\/news.html?aid=1800064\" class=\"con\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"txt\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"tit\">A Reduction Capacity of 30 Million Tonnes of CO\u2082 Equivalent to Be Developed: Non-CO\u2082 Greenhouse Gas Control Accelerates Nationwide | Decoding Climate Plans\u2460<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"desc\">Recently, the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, in collaboration with the National Development and Reform Commission and 18 other departments, jointly issued the \u201cNational 15th Five-Year Plan for Climate Change Response,\u201d establishing for the first time a comprehensive, all-encompassing system of climate change response targets at the five-year planning level.<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"span1\">Interview<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"date\">JUL 2026<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"picbox\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pic\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"510\" src=\"https:\/\/www.igdp.cn\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/Screenshot-2026-08-12-at-10.09.10-PM-e1787129378935-768x510.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.igdp.cn\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/Screenshot-2026-08-12-at-10.09.10-PM-e1787129378935-768x510.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.igdp.cn\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/Screenshot-2026-08-12-at-10.09.10-PM-e1787129378935-300x199.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.igdp.cn\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/Screenshot-2026-08-12-at-10.09.10-PM-e1787129378935-1024x679.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.igdp.cn\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/Screenshot-2026-08-12-at-10.09.10-PM-e1787129378935.jpg 1037w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.jiemian.com\/article\/14825227.html\" class=\"con\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"txt\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"tit\">In-Depth: China\u2019s New Energy Sector Moves Beyond \u201cScale Worship\u201d<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"desc\">On July 23, the National Development and Reform Commission and the National Energy Administration released the \u201c15th Five-Year Plan for Renewable Energy Development\u201d (hereinafter referred to as the \u201cPlan\u201d), which sets out a systematic roadmap for the development of renewable energy over the next five years.<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"span1\">Interview<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"date\">JUL 2026<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"picbox\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pic\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"700\" height=\"398\" src=\"https:\/\/www.igdp.cn\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/725.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.igdp.cn\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/725.jpg 700w, https:\/\/www.igdp.cn\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/725-300x171.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" \/><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/sdg-china.net\/NewsList\/info_itemid_72148.html\" class=\"con\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"txt\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"tit\">The Online Carbon Neutrality Information Database CCNT 2.0 Officially Launched<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"desc\">On June 24, 2026, the Institute for Green Innovation and Development (iGDP) hosted the launch event for Zero Carbon Record 2.0 and a forum on progress toward the \u201cdual carbon\u201d goals.<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"span1\">Interview<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"date\">JUL 2026<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"picbox\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pic\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"465\" src=\"https:\/\/www.igdp.cn\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/alizy-xiao-rpRUCKHG1qc-unsplash-scaled-e1786523941403-768x465.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.igdp.cn\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/alizy-xiao-rpRUCKHG1qc-unsplash-scaled-e1786523941403-768x465.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.igdp.cn\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/alizy-xiao-rpRUCKHG1qc-unsplash-scaled-e1786523941403-300x182.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.igdp.cn\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/alizy-xiao-rpRUCKHG1qc-unsplash-scaled-e1786523941403-1024x620.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.igdp.cn\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/alizy-xiao-rpRUCKHG1qc-unsplash-scaled-e1786523941403-1536x930.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.igdp.cn\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/alizy-xiao-rpRUCKHG1qc-unsplash-scaled-e1786523941403.jpg 1707w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cenews.com.cn\/news.html?aid=1794298\" class=\"con\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"txt\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"tit\">Mid-Year Review of Climate Governance: Extreme Weather, Geopolitical Rivalry, and Industrial Pressures<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"desc\">We are nearly halfway through 2026. Global warming is steadily approaching the 1.5\u00b0C threshold, and extreme weather events are becoming increasingly \u201ccommonplace.\u201d As China kicks off its 15th Five-Year Plan, the goal of reducing carbon intensity faces the practical pressure of \u201csluggish progress in the first half of the year\u201d\u2014global climate governance has reached a complex and critical crossroads.<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"span1\">Interview<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"date\">JUN 2026<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"picbox\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pic\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"478\" src=\"https:\/\/www.igdp.cn\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/Screenshot-2026-08-12-at-9.59.30-PM-e1787128162976-768x478.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.igdp.cn\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/Screenshot-2026-08-12-at-9.59.30-PM-e1787128162976-768x478.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.igdp.cn\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/Screenshot-2026-08-12-at-9.59.30-PM-e1787128162976-300x187.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.igdp.cn\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/Screenshot-2026-08-12-at-9.59.30-PM-e1787128162976-1024x638.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.igdp.cn\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/Screenshot-2026-08-12-at-9.59.30-PM-e1787128162976.jpg 1108w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>This report provides a comprehensive assessment of non-CO\u2082 greenhouse gas mitigation in China, covering methane, nitrous oxide, and fluorinated gases. It analyzes global and national emission trends, reviews international mitigation policies and cooperative initiatives (e.g., the Global Methane Pledge, the Kigali Amendment), and documents China&#8217;s policy progress including the Methane Emission Control Action Plan and sectoral mitigation measures. The report identifies sector-specific mitigation opportunities and challenges across energy, agriculture, industry, and waste, catalogs existing technologies and pilot practices, and provides recommendations for strengthening China&#8217;s non-CO\u2082 mitigation framework in the context of the 2025 NDC update.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":2493,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"igdp_summary":"This report provides a comprehensive assessment of non-CO\u2082 greenhouse gas mitigation in China, covering methane, nitrous oxide, and fluorinated gases. It analyzes global and national emission trends, reviews international mitigation policies and cooperative initiatives (e.g., the Global Methane Pledge, the Kigali Amendment), and documents China's policy progress including the Methane Emission Control Action Plan and sectoral mitigation measures. 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