As China’s urbanization and industrialization continues, municipal solid waste and municipal sludge are increasing. Untreated waste not only damages the soil, groundwater and air quality, but also affects public health and exacerbates the climate crisis. iGDP identifies foreign and domestic best practices in the treatment and disposal of waste and sludge at the municipal level, helping to find solutions under local conditions that reduce the volume of waste, promote harm reduction, and encourage resource utilization.